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Modification of silica using piperazine for immobilization of palladium nanoparticles: a study of its catalytic activity as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Heck and Suzuki reactions

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Abstract

An efficient heterogeneous palladium catalyst system has been developed based on immobilization of Pd nanoparticles on silica-bonded N-propylpiperazine (SBNPP) substrate. SBNPP substrate can stabilize the Pd nanoparticles effectively so that it can improve their stability against aggregation. Also, grafted piperazine species onto the silica backbone prevents the removing of Pd nanoparticles from the substrate surface. It seems that the high recyclable capability of Pd-SBNPP catalysts is resulted from these two characteristics. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of catalyst is shown the size of Pd nanoparticles in Pd-SBNPP average of 20 nm. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Pd-SBNPP is shown the presence of Pd(0) in the structure of this catalyst. Overall, TEM, XPS and XRD experiments strongly suggested that Pd nanoparticles were formed and immobilized on silica-functionalized piperazine. The catalytic activity of this catalyst was investigated in the Heck and Suzuki reactions. The catalyst could be recycled several times without appreciable loss in catalytic activity.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to Persian Gulf University Research Council for partial support of this work, Dr Alan T. L. Lee and Dr Mohammad Reza Shamsaddini for helpful comments, and University of Manchester for running SEM and TEM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, 75169, Bushehr, Iran

    Khodabakhsh Niknam, Maryam Sadeghi Habibabad, Abdollah Deris & Farhad Panahi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9516, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Hormozi Nezhad

  3. Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, 9161, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Hormozi Nezhad

Authors
  1. Khodabakhsh Niknam
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  2. Maryam Sadeghi Habibabad
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  3. Abdollah Deris
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  4. Farhad Panahi
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  5. Mohammad Reza Hormozi Nezhad
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Correspondence to Khodabakhsh Niknam.

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Niknam, K., Habibabad, M.S., Deris, A. et al. Modification of silica using piperazine for immobilization of palladium nanoparticles: a study of its catalytic activity as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Heck and Suzuki reactions. J IRAN CHEM SOC 10, 527–534 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-012-0188-y

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